According to most biologists and historians who have written on the subject, the crucial step in the discovery of chromosomal sex determination was taken in 1905 by Nettie M. Stevens (1861-1912) and Edmund B. Wilson (1856-1939).
Because females tend to only have X chromosomes, the egg cells that they produce typically carry an X chromosome, while the male sperm cell can carry either an X or Y. Therefore, the sex chromosome that a male sperm carries determines whether the offspring will develop into a male or a female
The truth is that Quran mentioned about this Science since the 7th Century!!!!
The Ayaat are clear.
Sura Number 53, Ayat Number 45 and 46
وَأَنَّهُ ۥ خَلَقَ ٱلزَّوۡجَيۡنِ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰ (٤٥) مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ إِذَا تُمۡنَىٰ (٤٦)
And that He (Allâh) creates the pairs, male and female. (45)
From the Sperm when it is emitted. (46)
Sura Number 75 =Ayat 37, 38 and 39
أَلَمۡ يَكُ نُطۡفَةً۬ مِّن مَّنِىٍّ۬ يُمۡنَىٰ (٣٧) ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً۬ فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ (٣٨) فَجَعَلَ مِنۡهُ ٱلزَّوۡجَيۡنِ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰٓ (٣٩)
Was he not a drop of sperm emitted (in lowly form)? (37)
Then did he become a clinging clot; then did (Allah) make and fashion (him) in due proportion. (38)
And of it (Sperm) He made two sexes, male and female. (39)
The arabic masculine pronoun “HU” مِنۡهُ in Ayat Number 3 means “It” and its refering to the masculine word مَّنِىٍّ۬ which is “Sperm” Ayat Number 1
And If we add the numbers of the Ayaat 37 + 38 + 39=114 we get the Total of 114 which is the Total of all the Suras of the Quran. (Number 114 here hints to Allah Confirmation that this Science was first mentioned in the Quran and nowhere else)
Number of the Suras 75 and 53 also have also mathematical connection between them as
75 is the 53rd composite number
And it’s amazing that the Ayat مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ إِذَا تُمۡنَىٰ (٤٦) is number 46 which points to the Chromosomes of a human being. 23 from the male and 23 from the male!!!! So much details in only these few Ayaat (Verses)!!
SCIENTIFIC AND ISLAMIC RESEARCHES 