1/Introduction

2. Analytic Hadith Research

-Terminology Analytic

-Content Analytic

1/Introduction

The sciences of hadith (Arabic: علم الحديث, ‘ilm al-ḥadīth) include various methods that Muslim scholars use to study and assess hadiths. These sciences are essential for verifying the authenticity and reliability of the hadith literature, which contains the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. Below are the main components and methods used in the sciences of hadith.

Allah preserved the Hadith/Sunnah by enabling the Companions and those after them (may Allah be pleased with them) to memorise, write down and pass on the statements of the Messenger (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and the descriptions of his Way, as well as to continue the blessings of
practising the Sunnah. This monumental task of preservation was not merely an obligation but a profound act of devotion that revealed the depth of their commitment to the teachings of Islam. Later, as the purity of the knowledge of the Sunnah became threatened, Allah caused the Muslim nation to produce outstanding individuals of incredible memory-skills and analytical expertise, who journeyed tirelessly to collect hundreds of thousands of narrations and distinguish the true words of precious wisdom of their Messenger (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) from those corrupted by weak memories, from forgeries by unscrupulous liars, and from the statements of the enormous number of ‘ulama’, the Companions and those who followed their way, who had taught in various centres of learning and helped to transmit the legacy of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). These scholars dedicated their lives to meticulously establishing chains of narration, ensuring that each Hadith was verified for authenticity and context. All of this was achieved through precise attention to the words narrated and detailed familiarity with the biographies of the thousands of reporters of Hadith; thus, a robust framework for validation was established. Action being the best way to preserve teachings, the renewers of Islam also revived the practice of the blessed authentic Sunnah, prompting communities to engage in acts of worship that reflected the true spirit of their faith, fostering a vibrant living tradition that thrived across generations, thus keeping the legacy of the Messenger alive in every aspect of daily life.

Definition and Importance
Hadiths are essential sources of Islamic law (Sharia) along with the Quran. They offer guidance on daily life, covering religious duties, ethics, and social behavior. The authenticity of these texts is crucial for Muslims as they are key to Islamic teachings and practices.

Key Components
Isnad (Chain of Narrators):

The isnad refers to the chain of narrators who transmitted a particular hadith from its origin (the Prophet Muhammad) to its eventual compiler. Evaluating the reliability and integrity of each narrator in this chain is essential for assessing the authenticity of a hadith.
Matn (Text): The matn is the actual content or text of the hadith itself. Scholars analyse this text for consistency with established Islamic teachings and other authentic sources.

Classification:
Hadiths are classified into various categories based on their authenticity:
Sahih (Sound): Authentic hadiths that meet all criteria for reliability.
Hasan (Good): Acceptable but slightly weaker than sahih.
Da’if (Weak): Hadiths that do not meet authenticity standards.
Maudu’ (Fabricated): False reports attributed to the Prophet.
Biographical Evaluation (Ilm al-Rijal):

This discipline involves studying the lives and character of narrators to determine their credibility. Scholars assess factors such as memory, moral integrity, and adherence to Islamic principles.

Criteria for Authenticity:
Scholars employ specific criteria to evaluate whether a hadith can be considered authentic:
Continuity in transmission
Trustworthiness and accuracy of narrators
Absence of contradictions with more reliable sources
Lack of defects in reporting

Matn Criticism:
While traditional methods focus heavily on isnad analysis, matn criticism examines the content itself for logical coherence and alignment with established Islamic beliefs.

Historical Development
The science of hadith evolved significantly after the death of Muhammad as scholars sought to preserve his teachings amidst widespread forgery and misrepresentation. Notable figures like Imam Al-Bukhari meticulously compiled collections by scrutinizing hundreds of thousands of reports over many years.

In summary, understanding the sciences of hadith involves recognizing their critical role in preserving Islamic teachings through rigorous methodologies aimed at ensuring authenticity and reliability in religious texts.

2. Analytic Hadith Research

1/Terminology Analytic

HADITH NUMBER 1

حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُ : ” إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا، فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ “

Narrated ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab:

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saying, “The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended. So whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he emigrated for.”

This Hadith can be divided in to two sections

Chain of Narrators (In Arabic: ISNAD) and Text (In Arabic: Matn)

CHAIN OF NARRATORS

This section lists the names of a chain of narrators. Each narrator heard from the one before them, and the last narrator heard from the Prophet himself.

Al-Bukhari listed the narrators of the Hadith individually. He heard the Hadith from A-Humaidi and continued tracing it back to the Prophet, who is the original source.

الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ (Al-Humaidi ‘Abdullah b. al-Zubair)—-سُفْيَانُ (Sufyan)—— يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ (Yahya b. Sa’id al-Ansari)——–مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ (Muhammad b. Ibrahim alTaymi)—-عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ(Alqamah b. Waqqas al-Laithi)——عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ (Umar b. al- Khattab
)——–رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (The Messanger of Allah (Prayers and Peace Be Upon Him)

Hadith Marfu’

This type of Hadith is called Marfu’, meaning “elevated,” because it includes narrators from The Successor, Companions, and The Prophet.

This type of classification is According to the reference to a particular authority. The Chain of Reporters are All present.

Hadith Sahih

The Hadith is classed as Sahih (authentic) and it meets the criteria of the science of hadith, The Analyse of several key components: the chain of narrators (Isnad), the text of the hadith (Matn), and the overall context proves that the Hadith is Authentique

Chain of Narrators (Isnad)

Al-Humaydi: He is a well-known hadith compiler and narrator.
Abdullah ibn al-Zubair: A reliable narrator in Islamic tradition.
Sufyan: Refers to Sufyan al-Thawri or Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, both are respected scholars.
Yahya ibn Sa’id al-Ansari: A trustworthy narrator from Medina.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Taymi: Known for his reliability in narrating hadith.
Alqamah ibn Qais al-Laythi: A companion of Abdullah ibn Mas’ud and considered trustworthy.
Umar ibn al-Khattab: The second caliph and a prominent companion of Prophet Muhammad.

The chain appears to be strong with reputable narrators who are known for their integrity and accuracy in transmitting hadith.

Text of the Hadith (Matn)

The content mentions Umar ibn al-Khattab reporting what he heard from Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This aligns with established teachings in Islam, which adds credibility to its authenticity.

Criteria for Sahih Hadith

For a hadith to be classified as Sahih, it must meet several criteria:

The chain must be continuous without any missing links.
All narrators must be trustworthy and have good memory.
The text should not contradict established Islamic principles or other authentic texts.
The chain is continuous with no missing links.
All narrators are recognized as trustworthy within Islamic scholarship.
The content does not contradict any known principles.

Given that all criteria for authenticity are met, this hadith can be classified as Sahih.

Hadith Mutawatir

A MUTAWATIR Hadith is one that has been transmitted by a large number of narrators at each level of its chain (Isnad) such that it is impossible for them to have agreed upon a lie. This type of Hadith is considered highly authentic due to its widespread transmission.

Authenticity of Narrators: Each narrator in this chain must be evaluated for their reliability (Adalat) and memory (Dabt). The narrators mentioned are generally well-regarded in Islamic scholarship, particularly Umar ibn al-Khattab, who is a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad.
Transmission Method: The method through which this Hadith was transmitted should also be considered. If it was reported by numerous companions or early scholars independently, it strengthens its claim to being MUTAWATIR.

Given that this specific Hadith involves well-known narrators and a significant companion reporting directly from the Prophet Muhammad, it leans towards being classified as Sahih rather than Mutawatir unless there are multiple independent chains confirming it from various sources at each level.

However, without additional evidence showing multiple independent chains confirming this narration across many different sources, we cannot definitively classify it as MUTAWATIR.

The provided Hadith is not classified as MUTAWATIR, but it qualifies as Sahih based on the reliability of its narrators and its transmission method.

This Hadith is not Mudallas

A Mudallas hadith refers to a narration where the reporter may have concealed a defect in the chain of transmission. This often occurs when a narrator reports from someone they did not hear directly but uses phrases that imply direct hearing. The key terms used in Mudallas narrations include:

“He narrated to us”
“He informed us”
“I heard”

These phrases suggest that the narrator might have personally heard from their teacher, while in reality, they may have reported from another source without disclosing this fact.

In your provided text, we see that it begins with:

حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ …

This indicates that the narrator (Al-Humaydi) is reporting what he heard from Sufyan. The use of “حَدَّثَنَا” (he narrated to us) suggests a direct transmission from one person to another.

Since the chain starts with clear indications of direct narration (“حَدَّثَنَا”), it does not fall under the category of Mudallas. Instead, it appears to be a straightforward narration where each reporter claims to have heard directly from their predecessor.

Therefore, this hadith is not classified as a Mudallas hadith.

Hadith is not Classed as Tadlis

Tadlis refers to a specific type of reporting in Hadith literature where a narrator conveys a report from someone they did not hear directly, often using ambiguous language that may imply direct hearing. In essence, it involves concealing the identity of an intermediary or presenting a narration in such a way that it appears more reliable than it actually is.

Types of Reporting

Direct Hearing: Phrases like “he narrated to us,” “he informed us,” or “I heard” indicate that the reporter personally heard from their teacher.
Indirect Reporting: The phrase “on the authority of” can suggest either direct hearing or that the narrator received the information through another source.

Examination of the Provided Hadith

In your provided Hadith:

The chain starts with Al-Humaydi who reports from Abdullah ibn Al-Zubair, then from Sufyan, followed by Yahya ibn Sa’id Al-Ansari, who heard from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al-Taymi, who in turn heard from Alqamah ibn Qais Al-Laythi, who reports what he heard from Umar ibn Al-Khattab about what he heard from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Key Points in This Chain

Each narrator explicitly states their source, indicating a clear line of transmission.
The phrases used (“حدثنا” – he narrated to us) show that each narrator claims to have directly received this information from their predecessor.

Given that all narrators in this chain use phrases indicating direct transmission and do not employ ambiguous language suggesting indirect reporting, this Hadith does not exhibit characteristics typical of Tadlis.

Therefore, based on this analysis:

The answer is: This Hadith is NOT classified as Tadlis.

Hadith is not Shadhdh or Munkar

Shadhdh: A Hadith is considered Shadhdh if it contradicts a more reliable narration or established principle. It typically arises when a single narrator reports something that goes against the consensus of other narrators.
Munkar: A Hadith is termed Munkar if it has a weak chain of narrators or if one of the narrators is known for being unreliable. This classification indicates that there are issues with the authenticity of the narration.

Examination of the Isnad

The chain of narration in your provided text includes:

Al-Humaydi
Abdullah ibn al-Zubair
Sufyan
Yahya ibn Sa’id al-Ansari
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Taymi
Alqamah ibn Qais al-Laythi
Umar ibn al-Khattab

Step 1: Assessing Each Narrator

Al-Humaydi: Known for his reliability.
Abdullah ibn al-Zubair: Generally regarded as trustworthy.
Sufyan: Refers to Sufyan al-Thawri, who is highly respected in Hadith sciences.
Yahya ibn Sa’id al-Ansari: Considered reliable by scholars.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Taymi: Also regarded as trustworthy.
Alqamah ibn Qais al-Laythi: A well-known companion and reliable narrator.
Umar ibn al-Khattab: One of the most prominent companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Step 2: Evaluating the Matn

The content of the Hadith emphasizes the importance of intentions behind actions, which aligns with Islamic teachings found in various authentic sources.

Given that:

The chain (isnad) consists entirely of reliable narrators without any known weaknesses.
The content (matn) does not contradict established principles or other authentic narrations.

We can conclude that this Hadith does not fall under either category of Shadhdh or Munkar.

Answer: This Hadith is neither Shadhdh nor Munkar; it has a strong isnad and an accepted matn.

Hadith does not have any Hidden Defects (Ma’lul)

A ma’lul (defective) hadith typically contains hidden flaws that may not be immediately apparent. Common issues include:

Contradictions with other authentic narrations.
Weaknesses in the chain that are not obvious at first glance.

In this case, there are no known contradictions or weaknesses associated with this particular narration. Scholars have extensively verified it, and it remains one of the foundational sayings in Islamic jurisprudence.

Based on the analysis above, there is no evidence to classify this hadith as ma’lul (defective). It is recognized as authentic and holds significant importance within Islamic teachings.

The answer is that this Hadith is not classified as ma’lul (defective).

Conclution

The classification of hadith, which refers to the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is a critical aspect of Islamic scholarship. This classification is primarily based on the reliability and memory of the reporters (narrators) involved in transmitting these hadiths.

Key Terms in Hadith Classification

Sahih (Sound): A hadith that has a continuous chain of reliable narrators who are known for their integrity and strong memory. The content must also be free from any hidden defects.
Hasan (Good): A hadith that is similar to sahih but may have a slightly weaker chain or one narrator whose reliability is not as strong as those in sahih hadiths. However, it is still considered acceptable for use in legal rulings and teachings.
Da’if (Weak): A hadith that has issues in its chain of narrators or content, making it unreliable for establishing legal rulings or beliefs. This could be due to a break in the chain, poor memory of one or more narrators, or other factors that affect its authenticity.
Maudu’ (Fabricated): A hadith that is known to be falsely attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. This classification indicates intentional fabrication or significant errors in transmission.

Steps for Classification

Examine the Chain of Narration (Isnad): Scholars analyze each narrator’s biography, including their trustworthiness, accuracy, and memory.
Assess the Text (Matn): The content of the hadith is scrutinized for consistency with established Islamic teachings and other authentic sources.
Cross-Referencing: Scholars often compare a hadith with other narrations on similar topics to check for discrepancies or corroboration.
Consulting Scholarly Consensus: The opinions of recognized scholars and their classifications can provide additional context and validation.

Chain of Narrators (Isnad)

Al-Humaydi: He is known as Abdullah ibn al-Zubair al-Humaydi, a reliable narrator in Islamic tradition.
Sufyan: This refers to Sufyan al-Thawri, who is also considered a trustworthy and prominent figure among hadith narrators.
Yahya ibn Sa’id al-Ansari: He is recognized for his reliability and has been accepted by scholars as a trustworthy narrator.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Taymi: He is generally regarded as a reliable source.
Alqamah ibn Qais al-Laythi: He is well-known and respected among hadith scholars for his integrity and accuracy in narration.
Umar ibn al-Khattab: The companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from whom this hadith originates.

Integrity and Memory of Narrators

The narrators mentioned above are all well-regarded in Islamic scholarship. They have been evaluated by various scholars over time, such as Al-Bukhari and Muslim, who have included many of them in their collections due to their strong reputations for honesty and accurate memory.

Content of the Hadith

The content of this hadith emphasizes the importance of intention behind actions in Islam. It aligns with fundamental teachings found in both Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, which further supports its authenticity.

In conclusion, the classification of hadith into categories such as sahih, hasan, da’if, and maudu’ relies heavily on the reliability and memory of its narrators as well as the integrity of its content. Each category serves an important role in determining how these sayings can be used within Islamic jurisprudence and teachings. Given that all narrators are considered reliable, there are no known defects or weaknesses in their transmission, and the content aligns with established Islamic principles:

The classification of this hadith is Sahih (sound).

The Hadith you referenced is a well-known narration found in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, which emphasizes the importance of intentions behind actions. It is attributed to Umar ibn al-Khattab, one of the closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

2/Content Analytic

Step-by-Step Analysis

Context of the Hadith:
- This Hadith was delivered by Umar ibn al-Khattab while he was on the pulpit, indicating its significance in Islamic teachings. The setting suggests that this message was meant for a broad audience, highlighting its relevance to all Muslims.
Core Message:
- The phrase “إنما الأعمال بالنيات” translates to “Actions are judged by intentions.” This foundational principle in Islam asserts that the value and reward of an action depend significantly on the intention behind it.
- The second part, “وإنما لكل امرئ ما نوى,” means “And each person will have what they intended.” This reinforces that individuals will be rewarded or held accountable based on their true intentions rather than merely their actions.
Examples Provided:
- The Hadith gives examples of two types of migrations (Hijrah): one for worldly gains and another for marriage. It illustrates that if a person’s migration is motivated by seeking worldly benefits or personal desires, then their reward will align with those intentions.
- Conversely, if someone migrates for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, their reward will be greater as it aligns with a noble intention.
Implications for Muslims:
- This Hadith teaches Muslims to reflect on their motivations before undertaking any action. It encourages sincerity and purity of heart in all deeds.
- It serves as a reminder that external actions alone do not suffice; rather, internal motivations play a crucial role in determining one’s standing before Allah.
Broader Application:
- Beyond migration, this principle applies to all aspects of life—worship, charity, work ethics, and interpersonal relationships. A sincere intention can elevate mundane tasks into acts of worship.

Conclusion

In summary, this Hadith underscores the significance of intentions in Islam. It teaches that true merit lies not just in actions but also in the underlying motives driving those actions.

The Hadith teaches us that actions are judged by intentions; thus, sincerity in one’s purpose is essential for gaining rewards from Allah.

HADITH NUMBER 2

Inshaallah If Allah wills soon more topics…………

SCIENTIFIC AND ISLAMIC RESEARCHES

Sciences of the Hadith

1/Introduction